20391 FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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BY FAX
June 1, 1994
To: Ellen Marshall, State 663-3068 663-3094
Nils Daulaire, AID 647-8415 647-8595
Sarah Kovner, HHS 690-6347 690-7098
David Ogden, Treasury 622-0764 622-1228
Bob Ward, EPA 260-2785 260-3828
FROM: Jane Bradley, OEP/NSC
SUBJECT: Revisions to Draft PDD on Global Population Issues
Thanks again for your help today in reviewing and recasting
revisions to the draft Presidential Decision Directive on
population. Attached is the revised version resulting from our
meeting. Please let me know by c.o.b. Friday if your agency has
any problems with the revisions. If I don't hear from you, I'll
assume clearance.
Attachment
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FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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DRAFT
SUBJECT: Policy on Global Population Issues
Rapid global population growth is an urgent and substantial
threat to international stability and sustainable development.
This Presidential Decision Directive articulates objectives for,
and guides the implementation of, United States policy on global
population growth. The policy demonstrates our recognition of
the linkages between population growth and long-term security,
between population growth {-in developing countries-} and high
rates of consumption {-in developed countries-} as they impact on
the environment, and between US leadership in addressing the
population issue and the global effort to promote sustainable
development. In addition, the policy is deeply-rooted in such
fundamental national values as human rights, gender equality, and
the rights of individuals and couples to determine the number and
spacing of their children.
The United Nations estimates that the world's population in 2050
is likely to be between 7.8 and 12.5 billion people, compared
with today's 5.5 billion, with ninety percent of this growth
occurring in developing nations. High rates of growth in these
nations are expected to exacerbate existing dilemmas of
unemployment, stagnant economic development, depressed wages,
declining per capita availability of cropland, food scarcity,
rapid urbanization, depleted natural resource base and
environmental degradation. The UN Food and Agriculture
Organization estimates that by the year 2000, 31 low-income
countries will be unable to feed their projected populations
using their own land, and many will find it difficult to purchase
food to meet shortfalls.{-, resulting-} This may result in:
disruptive migration flows {-within and-} between {-developing
countries, as well as significantly increased pressure to
immigrate to the US and other developed countries-}; an
increasing burden on the local ecosystems and the global
environment; and threats to local and regional political
stability.
The goal of US policy on global population growth is to marshall
an immediate, concerted and comprehensive international response
to population growth trends, based on three mutually reinforcing
objectives: {-promoting-} respecting the rights and capabilities
of individuals and couples to freely and responsibly determine
the number and spacing of their children; improving individual
reproductive health, with special attention to the reproductive
health needs of women and adolescents, and the general health
needs of infants and children; and reducing the rate of
population growth as rapidly as possible to levels consistent
with sustainable development.
The strategy for achieving this goal includes the following
areas: fostering an international consensus for action;
promoting targeted assistance to developing countries through
both bilateral and multilateral channels; and demonstrating
leadership by example in the United States. In each strategic
area, US policy shall comprehensively target the determinants of
fertility by addressing the unmet demand and need for family
planning and reproductive health services, the desire for large
families, and the impacts of current population growth momentum.
Female education, gender equality -- legal, economic and
political -- and efforts to reduce maternal and infant
mortality can have a significant impact on population trends and
sustainable development. Particular attention shall be paid to
promoting the rights and roles {-and responsibilities-} of women.
The Department of State shall continue to coordinate overall
interagency policy development and information clearinghouse
functions for global population issues. In order to promote the
Administration's policy on global population growth, the
Department of State, in coordination with other appropriate
agencies, shall develop and make available a public statement
which articulates the policy set forth in this PDD and expresses
the positive linkages to other Administration policies relating
to global population issues.
1. FOSTERING AN INTERNATIONAL CONSENSUS FOR ACTION
A collective will toward action is fundamental to addressing
global population growth. Therefore, at the International
Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) scheduled for
September 1994 in Cairo (and at the forthcoming World Summit for
Social Development, the International Conference on Women, and in
other relevant international fora) the US shall seek a consensus
that provides a strong foundation for future international
cooperation on population, consistent with US policy.
Specifically, while avoiding quantitative near-term fertility
reduction targets, the US shall seek an international consensus
on long-term programmatic approaches to {-goals for-} reducing
population growth on both global and regional bases. The US
shall also seek to reinforce {-strengthen-} the recommendations of
previous conferences {-in areas such as reproductive rights,
including the obligations of governments to enable people to
exercise these rights.-} to ensure that individuals and couples
have the right to freely and responsibly decide the number and
spacing of their children, and that governments respect this
right. In addition, the US shall ensure that policy statements
on global population growth reference mutually strengthening
commitments on closely related issues, such as reproductive
health, child survival, environmental protection, development
cooperation, women's rights and migration. In preparation for
the ICPD, the Department of State, in consultation with other
appropriate agencies, shall develop for interagency review by
[ONE MONTH AFTER SIGNATURE] a work program to finalize a strategy
for achieving US objectives for the conference. The work program
shall ensure that adequate time is allocated for consultation and
cooperation with non-governmental organizations and other
governments in finalizing the strategy. In addition, the
strategy for achieving US objectives should include a role for
non-governmental organizations at the Conference.
2. PROMOTING TARGETED ASSISTANCE
The US currently provides assistance through both bilateral and
multilateral channels aimed at mitigating population growth in
developing countries. The level of US budgetary commitment to
overseas family planning programs should continue to reflect
their high priority within the overall development assistance
effort. Therefore, their importance in the functional
development assistance budget shall be maintained.
The US will continue its leadership role in supporting population
assistance programs, implemented primarily through the Agency for
International Development. Consistent with the overall
restructuring of US foreign assistance, the determination of
which recipient countries should have priority for future
bilateral assistance in the area of population shall be based on
the following criteria: a) global impact, as reflected in such
indicators as overall contribution to population increases,
levels of unmet need for contraception, lack of access to
reproductive health services, maternal and child mortality, and
population-related degradation of the global environment; and b)
local and regional impacts, where population growth and
reproductive conditions are key impediments to sustainable
development. However, the US shall avoid attaching population
conditions to efforts in other areas. Because population
assistance should also be viewed as humanitarian, the US shall to
the greatest possible extent avoid denying population assistance
to countries due to concerns in other areas and shall seek to
amend existing laws requiring such denial.
The emphasis for US bilateral assistance programs shall be based
on a comprehensive approach to reproductive health that: a)
incorporates multiple models of service delivery aimed at both
men and women (including adolescents and young adults); b) links
contraceptive information and services closely with other
reproductive and primary health care intervention as appropriate;
and c) addresses a broad range of reproductive health objectives
(including screening and prevention of sexually transmitted
diseases and reproductive tract infections). US assistance
programs shall strengthen their current emphasis on quality of
care and informed choice, while increasing the role of women in
all phases of program design and implementation. In addition,
attention shall also be paid to the need for additional
investments in primary health care, HIV/AIDS prevention and
services, maternal and child health, the role of women in
development and female education.
Appropriate utilization of multilateral channels for population
assistance is also of critical importance to a concerted
international response to global population growth. As a result,
the Administration shall endeavor to ensure that adequate
resources are directed to such multilateral programs as the
United Nations Population Fund, the World Health Organization
Human Reproductive Research Program, as well as appropriate
private voluntary and non-governmental organizations. In
addition, the Department of State, the Agency for International
Development and the Department of Treasury, in cooperation with
other relevant agencies, shall undertake a review of the profile
of assistance by other bilateral donors and multilateral
organizations in population and human resource sectors in order
to develop a strategy for coordinating these modes of assistance,
avoiding duplication, and increasing participation.
3. DEMONSTRATING LEADERSHIP BY EXAMPLE
Efforts toward international leadership by the US on goals
addressing health, security and sustainable development concerns
resulting from population growth must be supported by a
commitment to strive for these goals ourselves. The Domestic
Policy Council and the Department of Health and Human Services,
in consultation with other appropriate agencies, shall develop a
statement describing US policies and programs that address the
broad range of population issues.
At the same time, the US and other developed countries must
maintain an awareness of the{-ir disproportionate-} impact{-s-} on
the global environment of their consumption and production
patterns. {-through consumption patterns that are at several times
the level of developing countries.-} To effectively achieve the
goal of marshalling an international response to population
growth trends, the US must also demonstrate leadership by example
in addressing the implications of these {-consumption-} patterns,
with an aim toward reducing their negative global environmental
impacts. {-of consumption of goods and services in the United
States.-} _The Environmental Protection Agency, in coordination
with the Departments of Energy, {-and-} Transportation,
Treasury, and other appropriate agencies, shall develop a
statement articulating US strategies for reducing such negative
impacts._
Finally, the State Department, {-and-} Agency for International
Development, {-and-} the Department of Health and Human Services
{+and EPA-}, in consultation with other appropriate agencies,
shall review and report on the potential for the US to
demonstrate leadership with new initiatives in the following
areas: research and development of new methods of fertility
regulation, particularly those methods that are especially
designed to respond to unmet needs in developing countries, to
give women greater control and also to protect against sexually
transmitted diseases; reproductive health information and
services for adolescents; access to safe abortion and related
services and counselling; coordination of services and prevention
of HIV/AIDS and other sexually transmitted diseases with family
planning and other reproductive health programs; reproductive
health needs of the Former Soviet Union and Central and Eastern
Europe; and policy and _program-relevant research_, especially
_on population/environment interrelationships_, migration and
urbanization, the population/food situation, and
interrelationships among population growth, development, and
sexual and reproductive behavior. A report on the potential for
new initiatives in the above areas should be presented to the
National Security Council by {-July 1, 1994-} [ONE MONTH AFTER
SIGNATURE], in order to maximize their utility for {-the ICPD
process-} implementing the ICPD action program.
FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY
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